1 10 1161 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/8460f9a5723f3ab71bf72b7f3a817b30.jpg ca054fd383e545a4ab7569cf15002b65 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/1c323b9f4fa158051b35cfd07f9a49df.jpg aead55dec9ce322533a3d3f438712a07 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Denarius of L. Cornelius Sulla, Italy Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Roma r.; in front MANLI; behind PROQ; vague border of dots Rev. triumphal quadriga marching r.; below [L] SVLLA IM[P] Weight: 4.0g Diameter: 16.3mm Sulla held various political and military offices in the Roman Republic, during which time he attracted the jealousy of Marius, a commander. In 88 BCE, Sulla was elected consul and given command against Mithradates VI by the Senate. However, Marius ended up becoming commander instead due to his connection to tribune Sulpicius. Sulla marched into Rome and killed Sulpicius, but Marius escaped. Sulla campaigned against Mithradates, and by 86 had captured Athens and in 85 made Mithradates a vassal of Rome. While he was away in Greece, he had become a public enemy in Rome and was replaced by Flaccus in his command of Asia, though Flaccus was soon killed by his own lieutenant. Sulla marched on Rome again, this time alongside Crassus and Pompey, against Carbo and Marius. He won in 82 with victory at the Colline Gate, a victory which was followed by mass proscriptions. Sulla was appointed dictator without time limit under the Lex Valeria and introduced many reforms to reassert the power of the Senate. In 79, he retired suddenly and moved to Campania, where he wrote his memoirs. He died of a fever in 78. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 82 BCE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/c73310aa3d0c61bfbd329c37f6927823.jpg 05d44c9dbb274e2160ba173948f345d0 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/0e089d0eeeff62e7396b434bf1b5ade4.jpg 3e527ba27900e0926a86d60ff66808c3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bronze Nummus of Constantius I, Trier - Gallia Belgica Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Constantine laureate and with cuirassed r.; around CONSTANTINVS [PV?] AVG; border of dots Rev. Genius with cornucopia and patera standing l.; around GEN[IO] POP ROM; unclear legend below; border of dots Weight: 4.7g Diameter: 22.6mm The legend on the reverse GENIO POP ROM roughly translates to “the spirit of the Roman people.” This was started by Diocletian about two decades prior with his coin reforms in 294 CE. Diocletian also introduced the denomination follis (sometimes called billon nummus by numismatists today). The percentage of silver in the follis steadily degraded over time. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 308-316 CE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/9fdac22b2b95081d5955cb4f4685bc94.jpg 9e44b60cc2db800c84d11140b7e5e1b5 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/81b847b3b79e3e41f96707227fc8f8a9.jpg 83cb92f60b3ce7478c59e7b2051ce557 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bronze AE2 of Constantine I, Cyzicus - Mysia Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Constantine I with diadem and draped r.; around CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB [C]; vague border of dots Rev. two soldiers standing with helmet and armor, holding spear in outside hand and shield in inside hand, standard between; around GLORIA EXERCITVS; below SMK[Γ? E?] Weight: 1.8g Diameter: 15.2mm Depicted on many late Roman coins, the labarum (λάβαρον or λάβουρον in Byzantine Greek) is a military standard with the pictogram ☧ on it. Labarum can also mean any religious banner, usually those carried in processions. This pictogram is made from the Greek letters Χ (chi) and Ρ (ro), the first two letters of Christ’s name in Greek (Χριστός). It was first used by Constantine I after a vision in which he was commanded to put the heavenly sign on his soldiers’ shields. This pictogram was not used before Constantine and first appears on a coin from around 317 CE. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 331-334 CE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/e1533bffd8b043e7b61db530fa4f2766.jpg f4d2b1425b6d57dc7eaf5e1e08bd27d9 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/bd14d0f233f3dd79b383addb17639484.jpg 437d93d582a87577819ca84a606f9e28 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Billon/Bronze AE3(?) of Constantine II Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Constantine II with diadem and draped r.; around CONSTANTIVS AVG; border of dots Rev. two soldiers with helmet and armor holding spear in outside hand and shield in inside hand, standard between; around GLORIA EXERCITVS; below SMANE or SMANT; vague border of dots Weight: 1.7g Diameter: 15.9mm Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 337-340 CE? https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/55a67821ae7ccbdb872c4f936a47967a.jpg fcaf2a2354efdbbcd35f8e94c1bcae33 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/98c0a9af7c30b63214106598e3253993.jpg a1374736729f14151aea5b74ad2f8f3f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bronze As of Tiberius, Rome - Latium Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Augustus l. radiate; around [DIVVS] AVGVSTVS PAT[ER] Rev. altar enclosure with double closed doors, vague ornamentation on top (known from comparanda); on either side S/C; below [P]ROVIDENT Weight: 10.4g Diameter: 29.6mm Tiberius was the successor of Augustus, and was raised to be in power his entire life. At 22, his first military campaign restored Roman standards previously lost in Parthia. In 12 BCE, the daughter of Augustus, Julia, was widowed and Augustus wanted a suitable match for her, which he found in Tiberius. He forced Tiberius to divorce his first wife to marry Julia. Though it was known she was an adulterer, Tiberius could not publicly denounce her (as was required by law) since she was the emperor’s daughter. In 6 BCE, he went into self-imposed exile on Rhodes and became a recluse. He was not summoned back to Rome, despite Julia’s exile to Pandateria, until 4 CE when Augustus adopted him as heir after his grandsons died. Tiberius came to power in 14 CE at age 54. However, in 23, Tiberius’ son Drusus died and he turned inward again, entrusting the empire to the captain of the Praetorian Guard, Sejanus. It may have been that Sejanus seduced Drusus’ wife, Livilla, and the two conspired to kill him. In 27, Tiberius went travelling in southern Italy, stopping on Capri for the rest of his life. In 31, he realized how much power he had left Sejanus with. He suddenly denounced him to the Senate with the help of Macro, the next captain of the Praetorian Guard. In 37, Tiberius fell into a coma after injuring his shoulder throwing a javelin. His heir, Caligula, was sent for and arrangements were being made until Tiberius suddenly woke up. Macro, wanting to avoid further drama, smothered Tiberius. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 14-37 CE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/28ae2abeffc8768ce22e4c7f18016495.jpg 0fca9173de6c2039163023df29db5fa4 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/97bd1e5dc0535fc53c4004036a3fd3cc.jpg a6a9aad8d821799b87313ca174d592b9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bronze AE2 of Constantine the Great, Antioch - Syria Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Constantine I laureate and with cuirass r.; around [CONSTANT]INVS IVN NOB C; border of dots Rev. two soldiers on either side of a standard, each with helmet and holding spear in outside hand; around GLORIA EXERCITVS; below SMANE; border of dots Weight: 1.6g Diameter: 16.2mm Constantine I was emperor of Rome from 306 to 337 CE. He was campaigning against the Persians when he was called to Britannia in 305 to fight alongside his father, Constantius I. When his father died in 306 in York, Constantine was proclaimed emperor by the armies. Considering the empire was currently ruled by a tetrarchy, this was controversial. Constantius had been a ruler in the tetrarchy with Severus as his junior emperor. This led to conflict, mainly with Maxentius and Galerius. By 324, Constantine had defeated everyone else and was the sole ruler of Rome, bringing the tetrachy system established by Diocletian to an end. Upon his ascension, he separated civil and military authorities and disbanded the Praetorian Guard, who had backed Maxentius. In 313, he passed the Edict of Milan legalizing Christianity in the Roman Empire. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 335-337 CE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/bbe87396a1db76515a47713cb8e844c0.jpg bfb249f1a611fc2061eceaf6e4509a9b https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/fcff051ff8d4c990502d9e8ee84e9eec.jpg b5a388a9d385c50393f43bef97a9256a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bronze AE2 of Constantius I, Antioch - Syria Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Helena with diadem and mantle r.; around FL HELENA AVGVS[TA]; border of line Rev. Securitas standing l. holding branch in r. hand and dress in l. hand; around SE[CVRIT]AS [R]EIPVBLICE; below SMANTS; border of line Weight: 3.2g Diameter: 19.8mm Helena, later venerated as Saint Helena, was the mother of Constantine I. She was renounced by her husband Constantius I, but when Constantine I became emperor he proclaimed her empress dowager and brought her back to public life in 312 CE. In 326 tragedy struck when her grandson Crispus was accused by his stepmother Fausta of seducing her, and he was executed. Helena in her grief renounced Fausta, who was executed. Following this familial turmoil, Helena undertook a religious pilgrimage to Palestine in the same year. She established Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem and Church of Eleona on Mount of Olives, sites of Christ’s birth and ascension respectively. Later authors credit her with the discovery of the True Cross of Christ in Jerusalem, parts of which were taken back to Rome and placed in her private chapel. She is also allegedly responsible for the population of cats on Cyprus when she brought cats over from Egypt and Palestine to control the snake population in a monastery, today called St. Nicholas of the Cats. A skull believed to be hers is displayed in a crypt in the Cathedral of Trier, Germany. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 325-329 CE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/99c53f7777bcf9cccc915fc45e120c02.jpg 2e3bf82d3dd50e965398b4c910b60d26 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/8415ca0def1d1ce11fc41ce8fe65d161.jpg d1dff50c53a0bba5aa8cadb0a3b486a6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Denarius of Marcus Aurelius, Rome - Latium Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Antoninus Pius r.; around DIVVS ANTONINVS; border of dots Rev. Antoninus Pius togate sitting l. with sceptre in l. hand and branch in r. hand; around DIVO PIO; border of dots Weight: 3.4g Diameter: 18.1mm After an emperor died and a new one was crowned, it was common for the new emperor to commemorate the deceased leader in some way. Marcus Aurelius issued these coins when he took the throne after Antoninus Pius died, highlighting Antoninus’ apotheosis with the legend DIVUS ANTONINUS. Marcus Aurelius was married to Antoninus’ daughter Annia Galeria Faustina, so he had a close connection with the former emperor. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 161 CE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/5f2de5148a9d40f72fb9a9b58fd6299e.jpg d2b358e619d3e0fb8a426682896706f3 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/c13e6860c187ada4e8502df97ca8930d.jpg 2faa93514316701bbd4663cba7b8b299 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Denarius of Julius Caesar, Africa Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Venus with diadem r.; border of dots Rev. Aeneas walking l. carrying his father Anchises on his shoulder and household god or Victory in r. hand; behind CAESAR; border of dots Weight: 3.8g Diameter: 17.6mm Julius Caesar continued a traditional Roman practice of tracing lineage back to antiquity and early Rome. The Julian family traced their ancestry back to Aeneas, a Trojan prince who fled after the Trojan War. He travelled around the Mediterranean for a while in an Odyssey-style journey as chronicled in Vergil’s Aeneid. Eventually, he landed in Italy and founded the city of Lavinium. His son, called Ascanius and Iulus interchangeably, went on to found the city of Alba Longa which would eventually be absorbed into Rome. Julius Caesar claimed that the family name “Julius” or “Iulius” came from Aeneas’ son Iulus. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 47/46 BCE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/de57784c4d427a3c045cd52a191785f5.jpg 4e27328677b53c960ecc3d50192908ef https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/6951aca3b12e8ee68e4b478abcf8d0af.jpg d5cd1cb38cb1137dd4f7d0dd82589ef7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Denarius of L. Titurius f. Sabinus, Rome - Latium Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of King Tatius r.; behind SABI[N]; border of dots Rev. Sabine women being carried off; below L TITVRI; border of dots Weight: 3.7g Diameter: 18.4mm Titus Tatius was a legendary Sabine king who ruled alongside Romulus at the founding of the kingdom of Rome, allegedly in 753 BCE. Romulus, whose new kingdom consisted of mainly men, realized that his city needed women to prosper and continue. While the nearby Sabines were in Rome for a government meeting, Romulus and his men carried off the Sabine women and took them as their wives. In turn, the Sabine men attacked, and as the story goes after the Battle of Lacius Curtius in what would become the Roman Forum, the Sabine women intervened, not wanting to pick sides between their fathers and their husbands. A treaty was made and it was established that Romulus and Tatius would rule jointly. This lasted only a few years, when Tatius was killed by a mob for allowing a crime against visitors from the nearby city of Laurentum to go unpunished. Many altars and cults of gods are said to have been founded by Tatius, including Flora, Saturn, Sol, and the Lares. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 89/88 BCE