99 10 1161 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/25faac8a3a76efa5b8d5a32647f5fd45.jpg 29c35a635bf6ac62274370bbbb728557 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/e46edd8cfd63148844b99d1d3f4ce5da.jpg 3993c10aef9fcaf71bea7f3947c9286a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Antoninianus of Valerian, Viminacium - Moesia Superior Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Valerian radiate and draped r.; around IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG Rev. standing l.; around LAETITIA AVGG Weight: 3.8g Diameter: 20.5mm Valerian was emperor of Rome from 253 to 260 CE, during which he engaged in many military endeavors. He renewed Trajan Decius’ edict against Christianity (see LLC-COIN-007). When Valerian came to power, there were already problems brewing in the empire, including rampant inflation, civil wars, the Plague of Cyprian, conflict with Germanic tribes, and conflict with the Sassanid Empire. While fighting the Sassanids, he left his son Gallienus in charge of the western empire. The turning point of his military career came at the battle of Edessa against Sassanid ruler Shāpūr I. The Roman soldiers were weakened by plague and lack of supplies, and thus not ready to meet the Sassanid cavalry. Valerian was eventually captured by Shāpūr I in 260. Gallienus chose to leave his father behind and consolidate power at home rather than continuing to fight the Sassanids, so Valerian died in captivity. After this point, provincial governors lost trust in the central government and began to break away from Rome. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 256 CE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/cf94456902a4cbc64f13b3d4a2ebf2c7.jpg 62a32a148a32a3684e0cdfb9250fff26 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/44510515f66516def512987d163bf63c.jpg 3e16f8f0e2d2d1e06010a173cba48c17 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Denarius of Antoninus Pius, Rome - Latium Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Faustina draped r.; around DIVA FAVSTINA; border of dots Rev. Juno? standing l. draped with scepter; around AETERNITAS Weight: 3.6g Diameter: 17.5mm Faustina I, or Faustina the Elder, was the wife of Antoninus Pius and became Augusta after his ascension in 138 CE. Their marriage was strong and affectionate. They had four children together, though three died before Faustina. The surviving daughter, Annia Galeria Faustina, went on to marry Marcus Aurelius in 145 CE. After her death in 140, Antoninus honored Faustina as a goddess with games, a temple, coins, and a fund to support lower-class girls in Rome. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource after 141 CE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/a8a691718ca1de119f38da0af5ff1323.JPG 315130a51964c37d47149763aac4dad4 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/c782dde58a6fde1406df5241261329f0.JPG c0d958b2353ea5cf128c96c2795f643a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Denarius of C. Claudius Pulcher, Rome - Latium Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Roma with helmet r., vague border of dots Rev. biga with Victory charging r.; below, [C] PVLCHER; vague border of dots Weight: 4.0g Diameter: 17.8mm C. Claudius Pulcher, as referenced in the coin’s reverse legend, may have been a consul in 92 BCE as well as a curule aedile in 99 BCE. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 110-109 BCE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/5f2de5148a9d40f72fb9a9b58fd6299e.jpg d2b358e619d3e0fb8a426682896706f3 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/c13e6860c187ada4e8502df97ca8930d.jpg 2faa93514316701bbd4663cba7b8b299 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Denarius of Julius Caesar, Africa Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Venus with diadem r.; border of dots Rev. Aeneas walking l. carrying his father Anchises on his shoulder and household god or Victory in r. hand; behind CAESAR; border of dots Weight: 3.8g Diameter: 17.6mm Julius Caesar continued a traditional Roman practice of tracing lineage back to antiquity and early Rome. The Julian family traced their ancestry back to Aeneas, a Trojan prince who fled after the Trojan War. He travelled around the Mediterranean for a while in an Odyssey-style journey as chronicled in Vergil’s Aeneid. Eventually, he landed in Italy and founded the city of Lavinium. His son, called Ascanius and Iulus interchangeably, went on to found the city of Alba Longa which would eventually be absorbed into Rome. Julius Caesar claimed that the family name “Julius” or “Iulius” came from Aeneas’ son Iulus. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 47/46 BCE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/8460f9a5723f3ab71bf72b7f3a817b30.jpg ca054fd383e545a4ab7569cf15002b65 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/1c323b9f4fa158051b35cfd07f9a49df.jpg aead55dec9ce322533a3d3f438712a07 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Denarius of L. Cornelius Sulla, Italy Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Roma r.; in front MANLI; behind PROQ; vague border of dots Rev. triumphal quadriga marching r.; below [L] SVLLA IM[P] Weight: 4.0g Diameter: 16.3mm Sulla held various political and military offices in the Roman Republic, during which time he attracted the jealousy of Marius, a commander. In 88 BCE, Sulla was elected consul and given command against Mithradates VI by the Senate. However, Marius ended up becoming commander instead due to his connection to tribune Sulpicius. Sulla marched into Rome and killed Sulpicius, but Marius escaped. Sulla campaigned against Mithradates, and by 86 had captured Athens and in 85 made Mithradates a vassal of Rome. While he was away in Greece, he had become a public enemy in Rome and was replaced by Flaccus in his command of Asia, though Flaccus was soon killed by his own lieutenant. Sulla marched on Rome again, this time alongside Crassus and Pompey, against Carbo and Marius. He won in 82 with victory at the Colline Gate, a victory which was followed by mass proscriptions. Sulla was appointed dictator without time limit under the Lex Valeria and introduced many reforms to reassert the power of the Senate. In 79, he retired suddenly and moved to Campania, where he wrote his memoirs. He died of a fever in 78. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 82 BCE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/de57784c4d427a3c045cd52a191785f5.jpg 4e27328677b53c960ecc3d50192908ef https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/6951aca3b12e8ee68e4b478abcf8d0af.jpg d5cd1cb38cb1137dd4f7d0dd82589ef7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Denarius of L. Titurius f. Sabinus, Rome - Latium Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of King Tatius r.; behind SABI[N]; border of dots Rev. Sabine women being carried off; below L TITVRI; border of dots Weight: 3.7g Diameter: 18.4mm Titus Tatius was a legendary Sabine king who ruled alongside Romulus at the founding of the kingdom of Rome, allegedly in 753 BCE. Romulus, whose new kingdom consisted of mainly men, realized that his city needed women to prosper and continue. While the nearby Sabines were in Rome for a government meeting, Romulus and his men carried off the Sabine women and took them as their wives. In turn, the Sabine men attacked, and as the story goes after the Battle of Lacius Curtius in what would become the Roman Forum, the Sabine women intervened, not wanting to pick sides between their fathers and their husbands. A treaty was made and it was established that Romulus and Tatius would rule jointly. This lasted only a few years, when Tatius was killed by a mob for allowing a crime against visitors from the nearby city of Laurentum to go unpunished. Many altars and cults of gods are said to have been founded by Tatius, including Flora, Saturn, Sol, and the Lares. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 89/88 BCE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/99c53f7777bcf9cccc915fc45e120c02.jpg 2e3bf82d3dd50e965398b4c910b60d26 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/8415ca0def1d1ce11fc41ce8fe65d161.jpg d1dff50c53a0bba5aa8cadb0a3b486a6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Denarius of Marcus Aurelius, Rome - Latium Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Antoninus Pius r.; around DIVVS ANTONINVS; border of dots Rev. Antoninus Pius togate sitting l. with sceptre in l. hand and branch in r. hand; around DIVO PIO; border of dots Weight: 3.4g Diameter: 18.1mm After an emperor died and a new one was crowned, it was common for the new emperor to commemorate the deceased leader in some way. Marcus Aurelius issued these coins when he took the throne after Antoninus Pius died, highlighting Antoninus’ apotheosis with the legend DIVUS ANTONINUS. Marcus Aurelius was married to Antoninus’ daughter Annia Galeria Faustina, so he had a close connection with the former emperor. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 161 CE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/44a65db88c4d647b9eb62aec951aa5fb.jpg 0aa91025a82af21644d1b1ece9088ac7 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/9d5589a99b280d3b62f9fe1b80b8380f.jpg a62ed625957f2b1307181ae6a1a06989 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Denarius of Sextus Pompeius Fostlus, Rome - Latium Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Roma with helmet r.; in front, X Rev. at left, shepherd Faustulus; wolf in front of tree standing l. bust r. with twins Romulus and Remus suckling; below, ROMA; unclear around, SEX PO [FOSTLVS] Weight: 3.7g Diameter: 18.8mm Little is known about the moneyer, Sextus Pompeius Fostlus. He claimed descent from Faustulus, the legendary shepherd who found Romulus and Remus being raised in the wild by the she-wolf. Connection to early Roman history was important to the Roman patrician class. He may have been praetor in 119 BCE. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 137 BCE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/f802a37b1a0d956f35770865dbb66a56.jpg 718a3abe4f5727802d80b7317d39d8a7 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/1498bcd5b2a68956eec86f1f1e3ba211.jpg 04fd731fb65c5188ca6a85b62d851012 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Denarius of Trajan, Rome - Latium Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Trajan r. draped with diadem; around IMP CAES NER TRAIANO OPTIM AVG GERM Rev. soldier standing r. holding spear and parazonium; around PARTH[...] PM CAP COS V Weight: 2.7g Diameter: 18.7mm Trajan’s campaign against the Parthian Empire was, in the end, unsuccessful. In 113/114 CE, he went to war against the Parthians when they removed the pro-Roman Armenian king. During this time, future emperor Hadrian was governor of Syria and in charge of logistics for Trajan’s Parthian campaign. Unfortunately, no contemporary accounts or monuments survive of Trajan’s time in Parthia, indicating that it was not celebrated and was perhaps shameful for the emperor. In 116 CE, Trajan took the capital of the Parthian Empire, Ctesiphon, and minted coins with the legend PARTHIA CAPTA (“with Parthia having been captured”) to celebrate. However, this did not spell defeat for the Parthians, and there were still revolts against Roman rule in Mesopotamia and Armenia. With Trajan’s death in 117 CE, the Parthian War ended and was not continued by his successor, Hadrian. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 115-117 CE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/da6683313db9769420725edc8d1c8dd8.JPG 337e0d78c41bc1e7f330fb864a370a5f https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/360386f9707f1bf1afa8fb289897a6a3.JPG fad8b7e2c9aab6348b6147f54d1e2176 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Drachma, Athens - Attica Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Greece--Athens Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Athena (helmeted?) r. with large circular earring; potential hair ornamentation near neck Rev. in incuse square, owl standing r. facing out; olive branch behind; ΑΘΕ in front Weight: 4.2g Diameter: 13.6mm A drachm was the equivalent of a day’s wage for a skilled worker in Classical Athens. The word “drachm” originally meant “handful,” referring to the measurement of long spits of wood or metal which were used as payment before the advent of coins. These were in used from 1100 BCE, and can be found in the burials of elite warriors and high-class individuals, as in a Geometric-era grave on Cyprus. Athens began striking coins in the late 6th century BCE, assisted by its control of a silver mine at Laurion. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 410-405 BCE