3 10 1161 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/b7fd12f2f200577b1ca596429c5e452f.jpg 6ebefafc9575d0b5bb474e44159f1933 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/314f2a368f7eda0d393a2dc0ede8ab31.jpg 88409c51bc063f3bfad3b58721397894 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Stater, Aegina Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Greece Description An account of the resource Obv. sea turtle Rev. rough incuse square with design of lines Weight: 11.4g Diameter: 17.0mm Aegina is a mountainous island off the coasts of Attica and the Peloponnese. By the sixth century BCE, they were a great naval power due to trade routes with Asia Minor. It is perhaps through these trade routes that coins were introduced. It is unclear whether the Aegina turtles or coins minted in Lydia came first. From archaeological evidence, the earliest Aegina turtles were minted around 550 BCE. These turtles were mostly used locally in the Cyclades and Crete. Still, they inspired the proverb “courage and wisdom are overcome by turtles.” The reverse of the coin was not an intentional design, rather it was simply the other side of the die used to punch the turtle design in. Ten thousand of these turtles were produced each year from 550 to 480 BCE. After 480, Athens became the dominant power. In 457 BCE, Aegina was conquered by Athens and stripped of its naval rights. Reflecting this, Aegina’s coins no longer depicted a sea turtle, but a land tortoise. This is an example of one of the first coins minted in the ancient Greek world. Initially, the city-states of Greece operated on a barter system, eventually graduating to trading goods for bars of metal. These bars evolved into obeloi, metal rods about one and a half meters long in groups of six. The obelos would eventually inspire the obol, an ancient Greek coin denomination. The first Greek coins were minted in Aegina around 600 BCE and are known as “turtles” for their distinctive design. Coins were invented as a way to pay soldiers more easily; soldiers could not carry bartering materials with them into battle, but a pouch of coins was definitely feasible. Bartering continued through maritime trade, where there was more room on ships than in soldiers’ packs to carry resources. Coins eventually became integrated in markets and payments made by the state for their convenience. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6th c. BCE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/0a0656230ae2a5e00588447e258c3ff5.jpg 4dcb98ba3acc5f4b56b280d1773a8a0a https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/4b6dd4c26546764223bb6469f030773a.jpg c2fe1c650ab66022e87f051039b88473 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Stater, Leucas - Corinth Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Greece Description An account of the resource Obv. Pegasus flying l.; below, Λ (=L) Rev. bust of Athena (?) with Corinthian helmet l.; behind, Λ (=L) Weight: 8.4g Diameter: 19.4mm Corinthian helmets are an iconic part of Greek archaeology, portrayed throughout the Archaic and Classical Periods from the early seventh century BCE to the end of the fifth century BCE. They were especially popular during the Persian Wars as a symbol of united Athenian power, and for this reason Athena and Perikles are often depicted wearing a Corinthian helmet. Though the name suggests they originated from Corinth, it is likely that they came from Argos instead. It was designed to protect the head specifically in phalanx formation, and the inside was padded with materials such as wool and leather. A horsehair plume known as a lophos could be added. Young Athenian men entering manhood would receive this helmet as a symbol of joining the demos and becoming a soldier. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 350-300 BCE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/5f1ffac4105e23b35d352a02b471e68b.jpg 72423418c6ca8079ce09441bb883639c https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/7e2a7a292e12d79be169284299ee8096.jpg 989311d25627393dab89403ee4d5feca Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bronze Hemiobol, Colophon - Ionia Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Greece Description An account of the resource Obv. Apollo Kitharoidos walking r. in draped outfit and tall hat, carrying lyre and patera; at left ΚUΦΟΥΟ[Σ] (=KUTHOUOS) Rev. Homer seated l. with scroll on lap in thinking posture; at left [ΑΠ]ΟΛΛΑΣ (=APOLLAS) Weight: 6.7g Diameter: 16.9mm Kitharoidos is an epithet given to Apollo when he is depicted with a kithara, which was a stringed instrument similar to a lyre. A kitharode was an Ionic bard who accompanied their singing with a kithara and wore a kitharodos, which was a robe. For example, Sappho could be considered a kitharode. There are many statues of Apollo Kitharoidos throughout the ancient world. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 170-30 BCE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/3a787c9c01045cf5e8b0f838fec58054.jpg b6c1d5f75a4baec37bf74d3231c8ce7d https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/10e8e97798b261840aa8b31b832776a9.jpg 0b48501aeb517e8880d6ba1ff54fcfa3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Hemidrachm, Thespiae - Boeotia Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Greece Description An account of the resource Obv. Boeotian shield Rev. volute krater; on either side [Β]Ο/Ι[Ω] (=BOIO) Weight: 2.5g Diameter: 12.9mm Thespiae was founded sometime in the Archaic Period before 750 BCE. Its founding is associated with the nymph Thespia as in Pausanias, or with the legendary King Thespius, son of the Athenian king Erechtheus. One of Heracles’ labors took him to Thespiae, where he killed the lion of Cithaeron which was ravaging the lands of King Thespius and King Ampitryon of Thebes. Located at the foot of Mt. Helicon, Thespiae was an important site of worship for the Muses as well as Eros, holding the festivals Museia and Erotidia accordingly. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 387-374 BCE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/32bcd75337f388e3b5975f76f3d4019a.jpg 29754dc5b697cd868ea6825e025c0935 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/67e80c87e9958aa48b44352f53cf8e72.jpg a2e1e00898527f9f46bf6eb0a7273785 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Tetradrachm of Trajan Decius, Antioch - Syria Subject The topic of the resource Obv. bust of Trajan Decius laureate and draped r., around [...] ΤΡΑΙΑΝΟC ΔΕΚΙΟC CEB (=TRAIANOS DEKOIS SEB); vague border of dots Rev. eagle with wings spread standing l. holding palm branch in feet, wreath in beak; around ΔΗΜΑΡΧ ΕΞΟΥCIAC (=DEMARCH EXOUSIAS); below SC; border of dots Weight: 10.4g Diameter: 25.0mm Trajan Decius, known simply as Decius, became emperor in 249 CE. In 250 CE, he began the first formal persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire. His edict ordered everyone to sacrifice to the Roman gods and emperor under supervision of a magistrate, and to obtain a certificate (libellus) that it was done. Many of these libelli survive in Egypt. Christians were forbidden from sacrificing by their religion, but many did it anyway for fear of being put to death. Many Christians went into hiding in places like Egypt, Anatolia, and Africa to avoid Decius’ edict. Followers of the Jewish faith were exempt from this edict, however, as Judaism was designated as religio licita – allowed religion – since the time of Julius Caesar and Augustus. As compared to Judaism, Christianity was new and challenging to the Roman Empire. Enforcement of Decius’ edict had relaxed considerably by 251 CE, just a year later. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 249-251 CE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/5801e1c2621d9918c4a1183bcaba1648.jpg 90e72563b1e0a3e394aa2e92c6ab698a https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/ad14d818b1c014e5200cd023507e8eca.jpg 042aa2466e849c50730ea669e91b311c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Tetradrachm of Philippus I, Antioch - Syria Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Philippus I radiate r. draped; around Α[VΤ]ΟΚ Κ Μ ΙΟΥΛ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟC C[Ε]Β (=ANTOK K M IOUL PHILIPPOS SEB); border of dots Rev. eagle with wings spread standing l. holding olive branch; around ΔΗΜΑΡΧ ΕΞΟΥCIAC (=DEMARCH EXOUSIAS); below, SC Weight: 10.7g Diameter: 24.7mm Philippus I, also known as Philip the Arab, was emperor of the Roman Empire from 244 to 249 CE. His reign, though short, coincided with Rome’s 1000th birthday (from the traditional date of the foundation of the Republic in 753 BCE). Philippus I held secular games (ludi saeculares) in celebration in 248 CE which included animal displays, hunts, gladiatorial games, chariot racing, singing contests, and theatrical events. He issued coins with the legend SAECVLARES to commemorate the occasion, also including iconography of his son and heir Philip II and his wife. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 248-249 CE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/7bb547b8187f980c75723fcbc1a06243.jpg c6ed9047932a4f49de36820940429a00 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/0eafd6b15215958be2255c54e8c8bddf.jpg 15f6c6d3069c79ffb6adcd98b422c382 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bronze As of Antoninus Pius, Rome - Latium Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Marcus Aurelius r.; around AVRELIVS CAESAR AVG P II F COS; border of dots Rev. objects of the pontificate; around PIETAS AVG; below SC; vague border of dots Weight: 11.3g Diameter: 27.2mm Marcus Aurelius was named future emperor of Rome alongside his adopted brother, Lucius Verus, by Hadrian. He was consul in 140, 145, and 161 CE. In 147 CE, current emperor Antoninus granted him imperium and tribunicia potestas, which were the main imperial powers. In essence, he was now junior co-emperor. After the death of Antoninus in 161 CE, the brothers became co-emperors. Though Marcus had more experience and control, he honored the wishes of Hadrian and Antoninus and ruled jointly with Lucius Verus. Marcus Aurelius was heavily involved with and influenced by Stoic philosophy, specifically the teachings of Epictetus. He wrote his Meditations on Stoicism during his time as emperor. In 169 CE, Lucius Verus died, likely of a stroke, leaving Marcus Aurelius to rule on his own until his death in 180 CE. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 140-144 CE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/1acb678e216599094cbc3ab2beb71f3c.jpg bfdca6153014e9435f77f5b892b51089 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/ba77b28adeba151cc6c9dc32078f61ad.jpg 47dc41bdb1ff069c6310ee51a3a76900 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Tetradrachm of Ptolemy I, Alexandria - Egypt Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Egypt--Alexandria Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Ptolemy I with diadem r.; border of dots Rev. (poor condition) eagle standing l. holding thunderbolts; unclear marks on either side, perhaps mint marks; at left ΠΤΟΛΕΜ[ΑΙΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ] (=PTOLEMAIOU BASILEOS) Weight: 13.1g Diameter: 24.7mm Ptolemy I was a successful general of Alexander the Great, and in 330 BCE was named his sōmatophylax (bodyguard). In 317 BCE, he married Berenice I. In 304 BCE, he was named Soter, or savior, for his assistance to the people of Rhodes in the conflict against Antigonus I, a Macedonian king. Towards the end of his life, from 300 to 294 BCE, he made alliances with Thrace, Syracuse, Epirus, and Cyrene. He also took control of Cyprus, Tyre, and Sidon. From 288 to 286 BCE, as part of a coalition he freed Athens from Macedonian rule and took control of the League of Islanders. This would result in Egyptian naval control of the Aegean Sea for decades. In 285 BCE, he formally named his son, Ptolemy II, as his heir before his death in 283 or 282 BCE. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 306/5-282 BCE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/db61a5ae9de0a13023357f7f6d15a031.JPG 9187d4e0e9dfeade0ba7f54728672e8c https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/a29a8caee8bea5589784e42f7361a514.JPG 3b2d786d9296b23e31946d1dabad13d9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Obol, Athens - Attica Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Greece--Athens Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Athena with helmet facing r. Rev. owl standing r. facing out; ΑΘΕ in front Weight: 0.6g Diameter: 7.8mm Much survives from Athens in the fifth century BCE, including inscriptions, speeches, comedies, treatises, coins, and the writings of Plato, Aristotle, and Thucydides. This was a period of intense military involvement after the Peloponnesian War, leading to the end of the great Athenian empire. In its place, Macedonia rose to power under leaders like Philip II and Alexander the Great, thus ushering in the Hellenistic Period. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 5th c. BCE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/da6683313db9769420725edc8d1c8dd8.JPG 337e0d78c41bc1e7f330fb864a370a5f https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/360386f9707f1bf1afa8fb289897a6a3.JPG fad8b7e2c9aab6348b6147f54d1e2176 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Drachma, Athens - Attica Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Greece--Athens Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Athena (helmeted?) r. with large circular earring; potential hair ornamentation near neck Rev. in incuse square, owl standing r. facing out; olive branch behind; ΑΘΕ in front Weight: 4.2g Diameter: 13.6mm A drachm was the equivalent of a day’s wage for a skilled worker in Classical Athens. The word “drachm” originally meant “handful,” referring to the measurement of long spits of wood or metal which were used as payment before the advent of coins. These were in used from 1100 BCE, and can be found in the burials of elite warriors and high-class individuals, as in a Geometric-era grave on Cyprus. Athens began striking coins in the late 6th century BCE, assisted by its control of a silver mine at Laurion. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 410-405 BCE