2 10 1161 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/cf94456902a4cbc64f13b3d4a2ebf2c7.jpg 62a32a148a32a3684e0cdfb9250fff26 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/44510515f66516def512987d163bf63c.jpg 3e16f8f0e2d2d1e06010a173cba48c17 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Denarius of Antoninus Pius, Rome - Latium Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Faustina draped r.; around DIVA FAVSTINA; border of dots Rev. Juno? standing l. draped with scepter; around AETERNITAS Weight: 3.6g Diameter: 17.5mm Faustina I, or Faustina the Elder, was the wife of Antoninus Pius and became Augusta after his ascension in 138 CE. Their marriage was strong and affectionate. They had four children together, though three died before Faustina. The surviving daughter, Annia Galeria Faustina, went on to marry Marcus Aurelius in 145 CE. After her death in 140, Antoninus honored Faustina as a goddess with games, a temple, coins, and a fund to support lower-class girls in Rome. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource after 141 CE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/a19ad8667fabcdbf25efa7a7434977f7.jpg 555f75e367b3d317b66c659aa07c3725 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/d23202b53f720585bfe857d3f9be2ea0.jpg 882f3bd76f0c2bff7b7d36cc9ad03412 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bronze Dupondius of Trajan, Rome - Latium Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Trajan draped and radiate r.; around [IMP CAES NER TRAI]ANO OPTIMO AVG GER DAC PM TR [P COS VI P P] Rev. Felicitas draped standing l. with cornucopia in l. hand and caduceus in r. hand; around SENATVS POPVLVS Q[VE] ROMANVS; on either side, S/C Weight: 12.3g Diameter: 26.8mm Trajan is perhaps best known for Trajan’s column, a commemoration of his victories in the Dacian Wars. It was dedicated on May 12, 113 CE in Trajan’s Forum and depicts 155 scenes from the first (101-102 CE) and second (105-106 CE) campaigns in Dacia, modern day Romania. The column is hollow and has a spiral staircase of 185 steps which leads to a viewing platform. Commemorative columns and spiral staircases were introduced to Roman architecture in this way. In 1587, a bronze statue of Saint Peter was placed on top of the column by Pope Sixtus V, which still stands there today. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 114-117 CE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/fd3c69b0759d5ce8a0d32a645d79ad79.jpg 853f6ed68965eae8c999147d24f87d9a https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/8c02a2fc138528eb72fa6e50839fa62b.jpg 35be2d162c03e9e5cc18935a3c4f45a6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bronze As of Caligula, Rome - Latium Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Caligula l.; around C CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS PON M TR POT; border of dots Rev. Vesta seated l. holding patera and sceptre; above VESTA; on either side S/C; border of dots Weight: 10.6g Diameter: 29.2mm Caligula earned his name when his father, Germanicus, took him to the frontier on the Rhine at age 2 and the soldiers nicknamed him “little boots” (Caligula) due to his tiny military uniform. In 19 CE, Germanicus died of an illness which was suspected to be a poisoning. His great-uncle Tiberius became emperor, and in 30 CE, Tiberius summoned Caligula to keep an eye on him, and Caligula became close with the prefect of the Praetorian Guard, Macro. Though Tiberius favored his young grandson Gemellus as the next emperor, in 35 he named Caligula and Gemellus joint heirs. In 37, Tiberius died and Gemellus was pushed aside in favor of Caligula by Macro and his father-in-law Silenus. Later that year, Caligula fell seriously ill. Macro and Silenus prepared Gemellus to take the throne, but Caligula eventually recovered and felt betrayed by his friends. He poisoned Gemellus in retribution, pretended to appoint Macro governor of Egypt, but was arrested at the port and forced to commit suicide. Silenus committed suicide, realizing that he was next. After this point, his reign was marked by brutality and paranoia. He enjoyed watching torture and blood sport. After unsuccessful military endeavors and debauchery, the captain of his Praetorian Guard murdered Caligula and his wife and daughter. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 37-38 CE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/71cb05010a6098dc3c7d14c4ac00dea5.jpg c23783660722035008e362aa50803553 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/0d3f01bfc3421507a587d75353ff9cf0.jpg c085cbeb9e1f3cfad612309ed3e92a55 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bronze As of Nero, Rome - Latium Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Nero laureate r.; around IMP NERO CAESAR AVG GERM; border of dots Rev. Victory winged holding shield; on either side S/C Weight: 10.5g Diameter: 28.6mm Nero was raised by his mother, Agrippina, who was involved in many poisonings and murders. She poisoned her second husband and married her uncle, Claudius, after Nero was born and convinced him to favor Nero as his heir instead of his own son, Britannicus. Eventually she poisoned Claudius in 54 CE and Britannicus in 55 CE, and thus Nero was proclaimed emperor by the Praetorian Guard (where Agrippina held power) at age 16. His tutors, Seneca and Burrus, helped him ruler until 62 when Burrus died and Seneca retired after losing control of Nero. Until 59, Nero was generous toward the Roman people towards acts such as reducing taxation. His brutality began between his orders to kill his mother in 59 and his wife Octavia in 62. Receiving no pushback to this, this gave him the green light to do what he liked. He began pursuing delusions of theatrical and poetic grandeur. In 64, there was a great fire in Rome while Nero was at Antium. He took the opportunity to rebuild Rome in a Greek style, and the Golden House, which would have covered a third of Rome if it have been completed. After he returned from Greece in 68, the Senate condemned him to die on a cross while being whipped, but he escaped Rome and eventually died. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 62-68 CE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/25faac8a3a76efa5b8d5a32647f5fd45.jpg 29c35a635bf6ac62274370bbbb728557 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/e46edd8cfd63148844b99d1d3f4ce5da.jpg 3993c10aef9fcaf71bea7f3947c9286a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Antoninianus of Valerian, Viminacium - Moesia Superior Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Valerian radiate and draped r.; around IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG Rev. standing l.; around LAETITIA AVGG Weight: 3.8g Diameter: 20.5mm Valerian was emperor of Rome from 253 to 260 CE, during which he engaged in many military endeavors. He renewed Trajan Decius’ edict against Christianity (see LLC-COIN-007). When Valerian came to power, there were already problems brewing in the empire, including rampant inflation, civil wars, the Plague of Cyprian, conflict with Germanic tribes, and conflict with the Sassanid Empire. While fighting the Sassanids, he left his son Gallienus in charge of the western empire. The turning point of his military career came at the battle of Edessa against Sassanid ruler Shāpūr I. The Roman soldiers were weakened by plague and lack of supplies, and thus not ready to meet the Sassanid cavalry. Valerian was eventually captured by Shāpūr I in 260. Gallienus chose to leave his father behind and consolidate power at home rather than continuing to fight the Sassanids, so Valerian died in captivity. After this point, provincial governors lost trust in the central government and began to break away from Rome. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 256 CE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/f802a37b1a0d956f35770865dbb66a56.jpg 718a3abe4f5727802d80b7317d39d8a7 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/1498bcd5b2a68956eec86f1f1e3ba211.jpg 04fd731fb65c5188ca6a85b62d851012 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Denarius of Trajan, Rome - Latium Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Trajan r. draped with diadem; around IMP CAES NER TRAIANO OPTIM AVG GERM Rev. soldier standing r. holding spear and parazonium; around PARTH[...] PM CAP COS V Weight: 2.7g Diameter: 18.7mm Trajan’s campaign against the Parthian Empire was, in the end, unsuccessful. In 113/114 CE, he went to war against the Parthians when they removed the pro-Roman Armenian king. During this time, future emperor Hadrian was governor of Syria and in charge of logistics for Trajan’s Parthian campaign. Unfortunately, no contemporary accounts or monuments survive of Trajan’s time in Parthia, indicating that it was not celebrated and was perhaps shameful for the emperor. In 116 CE, Trajan took the capital of the Parthian Empire, Ctesiphon, and minted coins with the legend PARTHIA CAPTA (“with Parthia having been captured”) to celebrate. However, this did not spell defeat for the Parthians, and there were still revolts against Roman rule in Mesopotamia and Armenia. With Trajan’s death in 117 CE, the Parthian War ended and was not continued by his successor, Hadrian. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 115-117 CE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/ae159d860d56c1deedb17b8023765d58.jpg 5ed81ab7a7a4668b3ea60c36de871d37 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/39c082089f8b41d2d6036fc861aaa847.jpg 7bf7f06c918649c5db22c417c130c893 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Tetradrachm of Alexander the Great, Tarsus - Cilicia Subject The topic of the resource Alexander, the Great, 356 B.C.-323 B.C.--Numismatics Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Alexander the Great as Heracles with lion skin r. Rev. Zeus seated l. holding eagle in r. and sceptre in l.; at r. ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔ[ΡΟΥ] (=ALEXANDROU); border of dots Weight: 16.2g Diameter: 23.9mm Alexander III of Macedon, better known as Alexander the Great, came to power in 336 BCE at age 16 after his father, Philip II, was assassinated by Pausanias, the former king’s lover and captain of bodyguards. Alexander continued his father’s campaigns abroad and gained control of Greece by 335. During his successful imperial career, he spread Greek religion and culture throughout Europe and Asia. He founded over twenty cities, most famously Alexandria in Egypt. He invaded India in 326 and had plans to invade Arabia next, but died in 323 on his way home to deal with mutiny among his troops. In the fourth century CE, an account of his life and accomplishments known as the Alexander Romance was written, and became the most popular piece of European literature second only to the Bible. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 333-323 BCE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/44a65db88c4d647b9eb62aec951aa5fb.jpg 0aa91025a82af21644d1b1ece9088ac7 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/9d5589a99b280d3b62f9fe1b80b8380f.jpg a62ed625957f2b1307181ae6a1a06989 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Denarius of Sextus Pompeius Fostlus, Rome - Latium Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Roma with helmet r.; in front, X Rev. at left, shepherd Faustulus; wolf in front of tree standing l. bust r. with twins Romulus and Remus suckling; below, ROMA; unclear around, SEX PO [FOSTLVS] Weight: 3.7g Diameter: 18.8mm Little is known about the moneyer, Sextus Pompeius Fostlus. He claimed descent from Faustulus, the legendary shepherd who found Romulus and Remus being raised in the wild by the she-wolf. Connection to early Roman history was important to the Roman patrician class. He may have been praetor in 119 BCE. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 137 BCE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/d043b35d374823627e6bc4b38d8271cd.jpg 5945d8fdb1a2a566149244adde43e1d6 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/7cd77e41661b9e88689aa76f0f3f5099.jpg dbf9f7bedeb81a1a085b9e9bd106c452 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Billon AE3 of Constantius II, Antioch - Syria Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Rome Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Constantius II r. with diadem; around CONSTANTIVS P V AVG Rev. two soldiers standing on either side of standard; around GLORIA EXERCITVS; below SMKΓ (=SMKG) Weight: 1.7g Diameter: 16.2mm Constantius II was emperor of Rome from 337 to 361 CE. He was the son of Constantine the Great and Fausta, and had two brothers, Constantine II and Constans I. The three brothers shared power until Constantine II died in 340 and Constans I died in 350. From then, Constantius II ruled alone. He pursued religious unity under Arrian Christianity and executed the orthodox bishop of Alexandria twice, in 339 and 356. However, his desired unity was never achieved. From 338 to 350, there was bloody warfare against Persian ruler Shāpūr II to no great result. In 359, conflict with Shāpūr II resumed in the east. In 361, the governor of Gaul Julian revolted and Constantius II moved back west to confront him, but died on the way there. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 337-347 CE https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/1efb098df0bd7e0bd39a8e672301acc3.jpg 976dfb7bcbe9047d695522f1cf5ac050 https://omeka.conncoll.edu/files/original/2ba3ebf217018aceca1d725b56c52867.jpg 46a0057ae2c8811f40117621f2650d2e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ancient Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silver Stater, Metapontum - Lucania Subject The topic of the resource Coinage--Greece Description An account of the resource Obv. bust of Persephone (?) l. Rev. sheaf of wheat or barley; at l. META Weight: 2.1g Diameter: 15.5mm Metapontum was a Greek colony established in the late eighth century BCE, located in southeast Italy above Sicily. This land was located between the Casuentus and Bradanus rivers, and thus was very fertile. They became rich from farming and possessed treasuries in both Delphi and Olympia. A sheath of wheat appeared on their coins from around 430 BCE. While this reverse design was consistent over centuries, their obverse designs were remarkably variable, including Demeter, Apollo, Nike, Zeus, and Herakles. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 4th-3rd c. BCE